Ngokuhambela phambili kwemizi-mveliso, ungcoliseko yingxaki ebalulekileyo eluntwini.Kwi-Green drive, okt ukwenza ihlabathi lingangcoliseki, ubuchwepheshe bemitha buthatha indawo ebalulekileyo.Imitha yenyukliya iye yangena kwiinkqubo ezininzi zemichiza.'Ipolymerisation', 'ukufakelwa' kunye 'nokunyanga', iinkqubo zekhemikhali ezibaluleke kakhulu kumhlaba wepolymer, zinokuqhubeka ngobuchule bokusasazeka ngemitha.Ithekhnoloji yokusasazeka ngemitha ikhethwa ngaphezu kweminye imithombo yamandla eqhelekileyo ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, umz. ukusabela okukhulu kunye nomgangatho wemveliso unokulawulwa, ukonga amandla kunye nezibonelelo, iinkqubo ezicocekileyo, ukuzenzela kunye nokugcinwa kwemithombo yabasebenzi njl.njl. kwakhona ubuchule obulungileyo bokubulala iintsholongwane ngaphezu kobunye ubuchwephesha obuqhelekileyo bokubulala iintsholongwane.Iradiation yabo yeepolymers ingasetyenziswa kumacandelo ahlukeneyo.Kolu hlaziyo, ingqwalasela ijolise ikakhulu kumacandelo amane, oko kukuthi, i-biomedical, i-textile, iteknoloji yombane kunye ne-membrane.
Ukususela kwiminyaka yamatye kunye nesinyithi, sifike kwixesha lamandla enyukliya kunye neepolymers.Ewe, siphila kwihlabathi leepolima.Yiyo loo nto izazinzulu kunye neengcali zetekhnoloji zibize eli xesha 'njengexesha lepolymeric'.Kuwo onke amanqanaba obomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, sidibana nezinto, eziziziqhamo zepolymerresearch.Ukusetyenziswa okuhlala kusiba banzi kweepolymers kubomi bemihla ngemihla kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo kuye kwavunywa njengentsikelelo edibeneyo zizazinzulu kunye neechwephesha.Nangona kwaqalwa phakathi kule nkulungwane idlulileyo, umsebenzi kule nkalo yekhemistri uye wakhawuleza kakhulu kwaye ukusetyenziswa kuluncedo kakhulu kwaye kuyaguquguquka, kangangokuba inani leenkqubo zepolymer likhulu.
Kule minyaka ingamashumi amathathu idlulileyo ibone ukuvela kwemitha yenyukliya njengomthombo onamandla wokwenza imichiza ekusetyenzweni kwayo.Ke, inokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino.Inyaniso yokuba ukusasazeka kwemitha kunokuqalisa ukusabela kweekhemikhali okanye ukutshabalalisa izinto eziphilayo ezincinci kukhokelele ekusetyenzisweni okukhulu kwemitha kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso.Imitha yeNyukliya i-ionizing, ethi xa idlula kwimatter, inike ii-ion ezilungileyo, ii-electron zasimahla, iiradicals zasimahla kunye neemolekyuli ezichulumancisayo.Ukubanjwa kweemolekyuli ze-electrons kunokubangela ukuba kubekho iianion.Ke, uluhlu olupheleleyo lweentlobo ezisebenzayo ziyafumaneka ukuze ikhemisti idlale nazo.
Iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwimitha zineenzuzo ezininzi kunezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo.Kwiinkqubo zokuqaliswa, ukusasazeka kwemitha kuyahluka kwimichiza yokuqaliswa.Kwinkqubo yeradiation, akukho catalyst okanye izongezo ezifunekayo ukuqalisa ukusabela.Ngokubanzi ngobuchule bemitha, ukufunxwa kwamandla nge-thebackbone polymer kuqalisa inkqubo yeradical yasimahla.Ngokuqaliswa kweekhemikhali, iiradicals zasimahla ziziswa kukubola komqalisi abe ngamaqhekeza emva koko ahlasele isiseko sepolymer esikhokelela kwiiradicals zasimahla.I-Sakurada [1] ithelekise ukusebenza kakuhle kwezi nkqubo zimbini kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba inani elifanayo leeradicals eziqalisayo ziveliswa ngexesha leyunithi kunye nedosi yemitha ye-radiation ye-1 rad / s okanye i-chemicalinitiator, umz. i-benzoyl peroxide, kugxininiso lwe.01 M isetyenziswa .Ukuqaliswa kweekhemikhali kunqandwa kugxininiso kunye nokucoceka kwabaqalayo.Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yokusetyenzwa kwemitha, inqanaba lethamo lemitha yemitha inokwahluka ngokubanzi kwaye ke impendulo inokulawulwa ngcono.Ngokungafaniyo nendlela yokuqalisa imichiza, inkqubo ebangelwa kutshiso lwemitha nayo ayinasulelo.Ukwenziwa kwemichiza kaninzi kuzisa iingxaki ezivela kubushushu obugqithisiweyo bengingqi bomqalisi.Kodwa kwinkqubo ebangelwa yimitha, ukubunjwa kweziza zasimahla zeradical kwipolymer akuxhomekeke kwiqondo lobushushu kodwa kuxhomekeke ekufunxeni kwemitha ene-eneji ephezulu yipolymer matrix, ke ngoko, ukusetyenzwa kwemitha bubushushu obuzimeleyo okanye, ngaphakathi ngamanye amazwi, sinokuthi yinkqubo yamandla engasebenziyo yokuqaliswa.
Njengoko kungekho catalyst okanye izongezo ezifunekayo, ukucoceka kweemveliso ezicutshungulwayo kunokugcinwa.Ukulungiswa kwe-withradiation, ubunzima be-molecular yeemveliso bunokulawulwa ngcono.Ubuchule bokusasazeka kwemitha bukwanamandla okuqalisa kwisubstrates eziqinileyo.Iimveliso ezigqityiweyo zisenokuguqulwa ngobuchule bokusasazeka kwemitha.
Amandla emitha yenyukliya, nangona kunjalo, ayabiza nangona esebenza kakuhle kakhulu ekuziseni iikhemikhali.Ixabiso leyunithi yokufakelwa kwamandla emitha liphezulu kakhulu kunelo lobushushu obuqhelekileyo okanye amandla ombane.Ngaphandle kwale nyaniso, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla emitha yenyukliya kubonakalise ukongama kunye nokusebenza kweendleko kwiinkqubo ezininzi zemichiza kunezinye iintlobo zamandla ezifana nothuthu okanye amandla ombane.Ubuchule bokusasazeka kwemitha busebenza kakuhle ngokubhekiselele kumandla kwaye kufuneka isithuba esincinci sisekwe.
Ukusetyenziswa kwemitha yemitha kwiipolymers kunokuqeshwa kumacandelo ahlukeneyo emizi-mveliso, oko kukuthi, i-bio-medical, i-textile, umbane, inwebu, i-samente, i-coatings, iimpahla zerabha, amavili kunye namavili, i-foam, izihlangu, imiqulu yokushicilela, i-aerospace kunye nemizi-mveliso yamayeza.Kolu hlaziyo, ingqalelo ijolise ikakhulu kumacandelo amane: i-biomedical, i-textile, iteknoloji yombane kunye ne-membrane.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-12-2020