Yintoni i-PTFE kunye nePFOA?Zifumaneka phi?
I-PTFE ligama lebrand lekhemikhali eyenziwe ngumntu eyaziwa ngokuba yi-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).Sele isetyenziselwa urhwebo ukusukela ngoo-1940.Inoluhlu olubanzi losetyenziso kuba izinzile ngokugqithisileyo (ayisebenzi kunye nezinye iikhemikhali) kwaye inokubonelela ngomphezulu ophantse ungabina friction.Uninzi lwabantu luyiqhelile njengendawo yokugquma engabambekiyo yeepani kunye nezinye izixhobo zokupheka.Ikwasetyenziswa nakwezinye iimveliso ezininzi, ezifana nezikhuseli zelaphu.I-Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), eyaziwa ngokuba yi-C8, yenye imichiza eyenziwe ngumntu.Isetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokwenza i-polymer kunye neekhemikhali ezifanayo (ezaziwa ngokuba yi-fluorotelomers), nangona itshiswa ngexesha lenkqubo kwaye ingekho kwiimali ezibalulekileyo kwiimveliso zokugqibela.PFOA inamandla okuba yinkxalabo yezempilo kuba inako. hlala kwindawo kunye nakumzimba womntu ixesha elide.Uphononongo lufumanise ukuba lukhona kwihlabathi liphela kumanqanaba asezantsi kakhulu malunga negazi lomntu wonke.Amanqanaba aphezulu egazi afunyenwe kubahlali basekuhlaleni apho amanzi asekuhlaleni aye angcoliswa yi-PFOA.Abantu abachatshazelwe yiPFOA emsebenzini banokuba namanqanaba aphindwe kaninzi aphezulu.PFOA kunye nezinye iikhompawundi ezifanayo zinokufunyanwa kumanqanaba asezantsi kokunye ukutya, emanzini okusela, nakuthuli lwasekhaya.Nangona amanqanaba ePFOA kumanzi okusela ehlala ephantsi, anokuba phezulu kwiindawo ezithile, njengezityalo ezikufutshane nemichiza ezisebenzisa i-PFOA.Abantu banokuvezwa kwi-PFOA ukusuka kwi-ski wax okanye kumalaphu kunye nekhaphethi ethe yaphathwa ukuba inganyangeki. .I-cookware engabambekiyo ayingomthombo ubalulekileyo wokuvezwa kwePFOA.Ngaba i-PTFE kunye ne-PFOA zibangela umhlaza?PTFEPTFEngokwayo akurhanelwa ukuba ibangela umhlaza.PFOAIzifundo ezininzi kwiminyaka yakutshanje zijonge ukuba kungenzeka ukuba iPFOA ibangele umhlaza.Abaphandi basebenzisa iintlobo ezi-2 eziphambili zezifundo ukuzama ukufumanisa ukuba into enjalo inokubangela umhlaza.Izifundo elebhuKuphononongo olwenziwe kwilebhu, izilwanyana zichanabeka kwinto ethile (ehlala ikwiidosi ezinkulu kakhulu) ukubona ukuba ibangela amathumba okanye ezinye iingxaki zempilo.Abaphandi banokubhentsisa iiseli zomntu kwisitya selebhu kwinto ukuze babone ukuba ibangela iintlobo zotshintsho olubonwa kwiiseli zomhlaza. Uphononongo kwizilwanyana zaselebhu lufumanise ukuba sesichengeni sePFOA kwandisa umngcipheko wamathumba athile esibindi, amasende, amadlala mammary (amabele), kunye pancreas kwezi zilwanyana.Ngokubanzi, izifundo eziqhutywe kakuhle kwizilwanyana zenza umsebenzi olungileyo wokuxela kwangaphambili ukuba yeyiphi i-exposures ebangela umhlaza ebantwini.Kodwa akucaci ukuba indlela le khemikhali ichaphazela ngayo umngcipheko womhlaza kwizilwanyana iya kuba yinto efanayo ebantwini.Izifundo ebantwiniEzinye iintlobo zezifundo zijonga amazinga omhlaza kumaqela ahlukeneyo abantu.Ezi zifundo zinokuthelekisa izinga lomhlaza kwiqela elivezwe kwinto ethile kwinqanaba lomhlaza kwiqela elingavezwanga kulo, okanye lithelekise nezinga lomhlaza kubemi ngokubanzi.Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ukwazi ukuba iziphumo zolu hlobo lwezifundo zithetha ukuthini, kuba ezinye izinto ezininzi zinokuchaphazela iziphumo.Uphononongo lujonge abantu abavezwe kwiPFOA ekubeni bahlala kufutshane okanye abasebenza kwizityalo zemichiza.Ezinye zezi zifundo zicebise ukonyuka komngcipheko womhlaza wetyhalarha ngokuvezwa kwePFOA eyongeziweyo.Uphononongo lukwacebise amakhonkco anokubakho kumhlaza wezintso kunye nomhlaza wedlala lengqula, kodwa ukonyuka komngcipheko bekuncinci kwaye bekunokuba kungenxa yengozi.Olunye uphononongo lucebise amakhonkco anokubakho kwamanye ama-cancer, kubandakanywa ne-prostate, isinyi, kunye nomhlaza we-ovarian.Kodwa ayizizo zonke izifundo ezifumene amakhonkco anjalo, kwaye uphando oluninzi luyafuneka ukucacisa ezi ziphumo.Zithini ii-arhente zeengcaliIi-arhente ezininzi zelizwe kunye nezamazwe ngamazwe zifunda izinto ezahlukeneyo kwimo engqongileyo ukufumanisa ukuba zingabangela umhlaza.(Into ebangela umhlaza okanye enceda umhlaza ukuba ukhule ibizwa ngokuba yi-umhlazaI-American Cancer Society ijonge le mibutho ukuba ivavanye imingcipheko esekelwe kubungqina obuvela kwilabhoratri, izilwanyana, kunye nezifundo zophando lwabantu.I-Arhente yeHlabathi yoPhando ngoMhlaza (IARC)yinxalenye yoMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO).Enye yeenjongo zayo kukuchonga oonobangela bomhlaza.I-IARC iye yahlula i-PFOA ngokuthi "mhlawumbi i-carcinogenic ebantwini" (iQela le-2B), ngokusekelwe kubungqina obulinganiselweyo ebantwini ukuba inokubangela umdlavuza we-testicular kunye nezintso, kunye nobungqina obuncinane kwizilwanyana zaselebhu. I-Carcinogens yaBantu eyaziwayo kwaye enokwenzeka.)I-USI-Arhente yoKhuseleko lokuSingqongileyo (EPA)igcina i-Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), i-database ye-electronic equlethe ulwazi malunga nemiphumo yempilo yabantu ukusuka ekuvezweni kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kwindawo.I-EPA ayizange ihlele ngokusemthethweni i-PFOA malunga ne-carcinogenicity.Kwingxelo eyidrafti (engeyokugqibela), iBhodi yeeNgcebiso zezeNzululwazi ye-EPA yahlola ubungqina kwiPFOA, ikakhulu kwizifundo zezilwanyana zaselebhu, kwaye yathi kukho "ubungqina obucebisayo be-carcinogenicity, kodwa akwanelanga ukuvavanya amandla omhlaza womntu. ”Ibhodi yavuma ukuba ubungqina obutsha buya kuqwalaselwa njengoko bufumaneka.Ezinye ii-arhente azikahlolisi ngokusemthethweni ukuba i-PFOA ingabangela umhlaza.Kwenziwa ntoni ngePFOA?Iziphumo zexesha elide zePFOA kunye neekhemikhali ezifanayo azikaziwa kakhulu, kodwa kukho inkxalabo eyaneleyo yokukhuthaza umzamo wokuphelisa ukukhutshwa kwamashishini kubo.Zimbalwa kuphela iinkampani eziye zasebenzisa ezi khemikhali kwimveliso kwiminyaka yamuva nje.Nangona imiphumo yempilo yexesha elide ye-PFOA ingaziwa, umba okwangoku uphantsi kophando lwe-EPA kunye nezinye ii-arhente.Ukongeza, kwi-2006, i-EPA kunye nabavelisi be-8 abasebenzisa i-PFOA ngelo xesha bavuma "inkqubo yolawulo."Iinjongo zakuba iinkampani zinciphisa ukukhutshwa kwefektri kunye namanqanaba omxholo wemveliso ye-PFOA nge-95% ngonyaka we-2010, kunye nokuphelisa i-PFOA ekukhutshweni kunye nomxholo wemveliso ekupheleni kwe-2015. Iinkampani zingenise iingxelo zonyaka malunga nenkqubela yabo kwi I-EPA, kunye neengxelo zamva nje zibonise ukuncipha okukhulu kokusetyenziswa kwezi khemikhali.Ukuncipha kwemfuno ye-PFOA kuye kwabangela ukuba iinkampani ezininzi ziyeke ukuvelisa. I-EPA ayilawuli amanqanaba ePFOA okanye iikhemikhali ezinxulumene nazo (ezifana ne-perfluorooctane sulfonate, okanye i-PFOS) emanzini okusela ngeli xesha.Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2009, i-EPA yakhupha iingcebiso zezempilo zethutyana (PHAs) zePFOA kunye nePFOS emanzini okusela.Ezi ngcebiso zicebisa ukuba amanyathelo kufuneka athatyathwe ukunciphisa ukuba sesichengeni xa ungcoliseko luhamba ngaphezu kwenqanaba elithile kumanzi okusela – 0.4 µg/L (iimicrograms ngelitha) yePFOA kunye ne-0.2 µg/L yePFOS.Ezi ngcebiso azikho imigangatho yomanyano enyanzeliswa ngokusemthethweni kwaye zinokutshintsha njengoko ulwazi olutsha lufumaneka.Ngaba kufuneka ndithathe amanyathelo okuzikhusela, njengokungasebenzisi iipani zam ezigqunywe ngepolymer?Ngaphandle komngcipheko onokubakho weempawu ezinjengomkhuhlane wokuphefumla umsi ophuma kwipani egqunywe ngokugqithiseleyo ngepolymer, akukho mingcipheko eyaziwayo ebantwini ekusebenziseni.PTFE-impahla yokupheka eqatywe.Ngelixa i-PFOA isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-polymer, ayikho (okanye ikhoyo kwixabiso elincinci kakhulu) kwiimveliso ezigqunywe ngepolymer.Ngenxa yokuba iindlela abantu abanokuthi bavezwe ngazo kwi-PFOA azaziwa, akucaci ukuba ngawaphi amanyathelo anokuthi athathwe. ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kwabo.Ngokutsho kwamaZiko e-US oLawulo lweSifo kunye noThintelo (CDC), abantu abanomthombo oqhelekileyo wamanzi okusela afunyanwe ukuba banamanqanaba aphakamileyo aqhelekileyo e-PFOA okanye iikhemikhali ezifanayo banokuqwalasela ukusebenzisa amanzi asebhotileni okanye ukufaka izihlungi zamanzi zekhabhoni ezisebenzayo.
Kubantu abachaphazelekayo banokuthi bavezwe kumanqanaba aphezulu e-PFOA, amanqanaba egazi anokulinganiswa, kodwa oku akulona uvavanyo lwesiqhelo olunokuthi lwenziwe kwiofisi kagqirha.Nokuba uvavanyo lwenziwe, akucaci ukuba iziphumo zinokuthi zithetha ntoni ngokweziphumo zempilo ezinokwenzeka.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Jun-14-2018