Iiplastikizenziwe ngeepolima, kodwa ezinye iipholima ezifana ne-biopolymers azizoplastiki.Izinto zePlastiki zisetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla njengeekhompyuter, ipeni, iifowuni eziphathwayo, iidiski ezixineneyo, i-pendrive, kunye neebhrashi zamazinyo etc.Plastic ichazwa njengayo nayiphi na imathiriyeli ye-synthetic okanye i-semi-synthetic organic enokuthi ibunjwe okanye ibunjwe ngayo nayiphi na indlela.Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali zeplastiki kubandakanya amatyathanga ekhabhoni, ioksijini, isulfure okanye initrogen.
Imbali yeeplastiki
Ngo-1823, ikhemisti yaseSkotlani uCharles Macintosh yabhaqa irabha yendalo ngo-1845, uHenry Bewley wavelisa irabha yendalo kwiplanti gutta percha. Ngo-1869, uJohn W. Hyatt wavelisa i-Celluloid [izinto ezitsha ezingenakutsha]Ngo-1872, abazalwana bakwaHyatt babenelungelo lobunikazi bokuqala umatshini wokubumba weplastiki yokubumba inaliti ngowe-1880. Umatshini welungelo elilodwa lomenzi we-Eastman Kodak wokuvelisa ifilimu eqhubekayo yokufota esekwe kwi-nitrate ye-cellulose.1900 ixesha leplastiki lexeshaNgowe-1908, uJacques E. Brandenberger wenza i-Cellophane [izinto ezibonakalayo ze-cellulose]Ngo-1909, iiplastiki ze-Casein, ezithathwe kubisi, zaphuhliswa yi-Erinoid, e-H. Ngo-1916, iRolls Royce yaqala ukusebenzisa i-phenol formaldehyde kwindawo yangaphakathi yemoto. Ngo-1920, i-Polyvinyl chloride okanye i-PVC yenziwa. Ngo-1925, igama lePlastiki layilwa. yinkampani eyi-3MNgowe-1933, uFawcett noGibson bafumanisa imathiriyeli yepolyethyleneNgo-1938, ibhrashi yamazinyo yokuqala eneentsinjana zenayiloni yenziwa.Ngo-1939, kulo nyaka kwadalwa inayiloni.Ngo-1942, uGqr Harry Coover wafumanisa iGlue eyiSuper (methyl cyanoacrylate). I-styrene (ABS) yaveliswa.Ngo-1949, imathiriyeli yeTupperware eyenziwe ngepolyethylene ephantsi.Ngo-1949, iDuPont yenza imveliso yeLycra esekwe kwipolyurethane.Ngo-1953, imathiriyeli yeplastiki yeLexan yaqanjwa nguDaniel Fox.Ngo-1959 uBarbie Doll watyhilwa kwiAmerican International. I-Toy Fair.Ngo-1965 i-DuPont yakhupha iimveliso ezinegama lokurhweba lika-Kevlar.Ngo-1973, iibhotile zesiselo ze-Polyethylene terephthalate zaziswa.Ngo-1988, iisimboli zokuphinda zisetyenziswe ezinxantathu ezinxulumene neeplastiki zaziswa.2000 ukuya ku-2022 ixesha lexesha leplastiki le-PVC ngo-2003 yi-European PVCit recycling. inkqubo] yasekwa2005 kulo nyaka iNASA iphonononga iingenelo zezinto ezisekwe kwipolyethylene i-RFX1 [i-RFX1 esetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwesiphekepheke] Ngo-2011, i-vinylplus - inkqubo yozinzo yasekwaNgo-2012 ilaphu lePVC elisetyenziswe kulwakhiwo lweendawo zeOlimpiki zaseLondon2020 imveliso yeemveliso zePVC iya kufikelela kuma-800,000 iithowuni ngonyaka ka-2022 kulo nyaka ibala lemidlalo yeFIFA yeNdebe yeHlabathi yaseQatar iceba ukusebenzisa ilaphu lePVC elikhanyayo, elinxantathu ukwenza i-zero carbon.
Inkqubo yokwenziwa kweeplastiki
Ukulungiswa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada Ukulungiswa kwenkqubo ye-monomerPolymerization Ukuguqulwa kweereyini zepolymer kwiimveliso zeplastiki
Kwinkqubo yokuguqula i-polymer resins kwimveliso yeplastiki kulandelwa amanyathelo alandelayo
Ukubumba isitofu se-ExtrusionUkubumba okujikelezayo
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-24-2017