Ukuchaphazeleka kweekhemikhali, okwenzeka ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu kunye neemfuno zoxinzelelo eziya kuthi ga kwi-260 °C / 200 imivalo, zizicelo eziyilelwe i-Berghof reactors.Uphawu olukhethekileyo lwe-Berghof reactors yilayini yazo eyodwa, eshinyeneyo yePTFE.Onke amalungu, adibana nolwelo lwemidiya, enziwe ngokupheleleyo kwi-PTFE okanye aqatywe ngefluoropolymer.
Ukhuseleko lokutya lubandakanyiwe
I-PTFE liner, enobungqingqwa beemilimitha ezininzi, ikhusela ireactor yentsimbi engatyiwayo ngokufanelekileyo ekumdleni, nakwimithombo yeendaba edlayo njengeeasidi kunye nealkali.I-PTFE yohlulwe ngokuxhathisa kwayo okugqwesileyo phantse kuzo zonke iikhemikhali, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukwenza ngaphandle kweealloyi ezininzi ezibizayo ezikhethekileyo, njenge-hastelloy.Oku kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokufumana.Umngcipheko wokungcoliseka okunokwenzeka kulula ukuwulawula nge-PTFE liners.I-Metallic catalysers , ezifana ne-Pt, i-Rh, i-Raney Nickel njl zibambelela kwii-reactors zensimbi kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukususa.Kolu vavanyo lulandelayo umbuzo uqhubeka ukhula ukuba iziphumo ezijongiweyo zenziwa ngokwenene lutshintsho lwe-catalyser, iziphumo zosulelo okanye ityhefu yecatalyst.Le ngxaki ikhutshiwe ngobuchule ngokugcina ilineni ye-PTFE yohlobo ngalunye lwe-catalyser.Ingcebiso: Iilitha ze-PTFE zisenokusetyenziswa njengemikhumbi yokugcina esebenzayo kwizisombululo ezisebenzayo.
Ukusetyenziswa jikelele
I-reactors yaseBerghof ingasetyenziselwa zonke iinjongo;onke amalungu adibana nesigaba solwelo akhuselwe kuhlaselo lweekhemikhali ngokusebenzisa iifluoropolymers.I-liner ivalwe nge-hermetically kwaye ibambelela ngaphakathi kodonga lwe-reactor njengesikhumba.Yiyo loo nto yohluke kakhulu kwiilayini ze-PTFE, ezibekwe zivuleleke kwi-reactor.I-liner iyonke ibandakanya i-PTFE efakelwayo, i-cover lining, i-dip pipe kunye ne-agitator sheaths kunye ne-PTFE yokutywina amakhonkco.Zonke ezi ndawo zinokususwa kwaye zifakwe kwakhona ngokulula ngeenjongo zokucoca.Ubunzima beendonga ze-liner buxhomekeke kumthamo we-reactor kunye noluhlu phakathi kwe-1.6 kunye ne-7.4 mm.I-lining of the cover in ubuncinane 3.7 mm ubukhulu.Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lokusebenza lwe-reactors yi-200 bars kwaye ubushushu obukhulu bokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo yi-230 °C.Ngexesha elifutshane (okt. ubuninzi bemizuzu engama-60) i-reactor inokufudunyezwa ukuya kuma-260 °C.Ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nezigaba zokufudumeza ezinde ngaphezulu kwe-260°C zonakalisa ilina ye-PTFE.Ngenxa yala maqondo obushushu aphezulu okusebenza, amacandelo e-PTFE aqhelekileyo "agqwethiwe";kodwa amacandelo eBerghof awakwenzi.Ezi zixhobo ze-PTFE azinalo ulwalathiso olukhethwayo ngenxa yokuba, ngenxa ye-isostatic compression-molding method ephuhliswe yi-Berghof abanalo ulwalathiso olukhethwayo kwaye bahluke ngokwandiso olufanayo kuwo onke amacala esithubeni."Ukugqwethwa" kwamalungu, nakwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye noxinzelelo alubandakanywa.
Izinto eziluncedo kwi-PTFE-lining:→Amandla obushushu aphezulu, ngokufutshane ukuya kuthi ga +260 °C→Uxinzelelo-qinisa ukuya kuthi ga kwimivalo engama-200→Ukumelana nendalo yonke kwiikhemikhali, nakwi-acids ezinobundlobongela kunye ne-alkali→Ukungadleli→Ayinasulelo
Ukubumba koxinzelelo lwe-Isostatic
B Xa kusetyenziswa iindlela eziqhelekileyo, iindlela zokubumba i-single-axis compression, njengomthetho izinto zinyanzeliswa ngokuthe nkqo kwi-mold kunye neplagi yamandla.Akukho ucinezelo oluthe tyaba olunqamlezayo ukuya kwicala loxinzelelo.Ngokwahlukileyo, kwinkqubo yokubumba i-isostatic yoxinzelelo amandla asetyenziswa kwizinto ezilinganayo kwaye ngaxeshanye ukusuka kuzo zonke izikhombisi-ndlela kwindawo ngokusebenzisa i-hydraulic medium kwaye iyicinezele ngokufanayo.Yiyo loo nto ucinezelo olulolona lufezekisiweyo, lukhokelela kwi-porosity encinci, ubume obungcono bomgangatho kunye nokuqina okuphezulu kunye namandla oxinzelelo.Akukho zikhokelo zikhethwayo zenziwe kwaye iipropathi zezinto ze-isotropic zigcinwa.Ngokukodwa amandla okuqina kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwezinto zihambelana kuzo zonke iinkalo kwisithuba.
Iinzuzo zomgangatho ngenxa yokubumba i-isostatic compression
Iinzuzo zokubumba i-isostatic compression zingabonakaliswa ngokusebenzisa imifanekiso ye-REM eyandisiweyo ngokufanelekileyo.Xa inyusiwe amaxesha angama-100 amasuntswana egranulayiti yezinto zokuqala zisenokuchongwa kwi-PTFE ukuba iphantsi koxinzelelo lwe-axis enye.Ngokwahlukileyo, i-PTFE eyenziwe ngoxinzelelo lwe-isostatically ibonisa ubume bomphezulu obuhambelanayo.Iphantse ilingane ne-TFM™PTFE ebumba i-axis enye.Nangona kunjalo isostati-cally compression-molded TFM™PTFE ifezekisa ubume obucoleke kakhulu kwaye bugudileyo.Ngaphaya koko, xa yandiswa amaxesha e-2,500, kwi-single-axis-mold compression-molded iziphene ezibonakalayo, ezingasenzekiyo kwi-isostatically compression-molded TFM™PTFE.
Ixesha lokuposa: Epreli-10-2020