Ngaba ukuBunjwa okujikelezayo kukulungele?

Ke ufuna inxalenye yeplastiki yesiko okanye imveliso, kodwa awazi ukuba yenziwa njani.

Ngaba inkulu okanye incinci?Ngaba ifanele ibe bhetyebhetye okanye iqine?Ingaba ingqukuva, isikwere, okanye imilo ethile engaqhelekanga?Ngaba sele unawo umngundo, okanye kufuneka uwenze?

Esi sikhokelo siyakuchaza iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo zokubumba ezikhoyo namhlanje ukukunceda ufumane eyona nkqubo ifanelekileyo yemveliso yakho.

Yintoni iPlastiki yokubumba?

Ukubumba, nako ngamanye amaxesha ukubumba okupeliweyo, yinkqubo yokwenziwa ngokubumba ulwelo okanye imathiriyeli ethambileyo kusetyenziswa isakhelo esomeleleyo esibizwa ngokuba sisingundo okanye imatrix.

Xa ubumba iiplastiki, umgubo okanye i-polymer engamanzi efana ne-polyethylene okanye i-polypropylene ifakwe kwi-mold engenanto ukuze i-polymer ikwazi ukuthatha imilo yayo.Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwenkqubo esetyenzisiweyo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokushisa kunye noxinzelelo zisetyenziselwa ukudala umkhiqizo wokugqibela.

Imbali yokuBunjwa kwePlastiki

Ukubumba iplastiki kwaqala ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1800 ukuzalisa imfuno yeebhola zebhiliyoni zeplastiki ngokuchaseneyo neebhola zebhiliyadi ezazisetyenziswa ngelo xesha.Ngo-1868, uJohn Wesley Hyatt wayila indlela yokwenza iibhola zebhiliyoni ngokutofa i-celluloid kumbumba.Kwiminyaka emine kamva, u-Hyatt kunye nomntakwabo baqulunqa kwaye banelungelo lobunikazi umatshini wokuzenzekelayo inkqubo.Lo ibingumatshini wokuqala wokubumba inaliti yeplastiki okhoyo kwaye wasebenzisa iplanga esisiseko ukutofa iplastiki kubumba ngombhobho oshushu.

Ngo-1946, umatshini wokubumba inaliti yesijiyu waqanjwa nguJames Hendry, owathatha indawo yenkqubo yokutofa i-plunger.Le yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu namhlanje.

Ukubumba okujikelezayo kwale mihla kukwanembali etyebileyo eyaqala ngo-1855 xa kwakusetyenziswa ukujikeleza kunye nobushushu ukuvelisa amaqokobhe eentsimbi zentsimbi eBritani.

Iiplastiki zaziswa kwinkqubo ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1950, xa ukubumba okujikelezayo kwaqala ukusetyenziswa ukwenza iintloko zoonodoli.Kwaye ke ngo-1960 inkqubo yanamhlanje yokubumba okujikelezayo okusivumela ukuba senze izitya ezinkulu ezingcwele kunye ne-polyethylene ephantsi koxinano lwaphuhliswa.Kwimbali yamva nje, ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo, izixhobo ezingcono, kunye nophuhliso lweplastiki yomgubo luye lwayikhawulezisa inkqubo yokudala iimveliso ezigqityiweyo ezibangele ukubumba okujikelezayo kukhule ngokukhawuleza ekuthandeni.

Iintlobo zePlastiki yokubumba

Ezona ndlela zidumileyo zokubumba iplastiki kukubumba okujikelezayo, ukubumba inaliti, ukubumba ukuvuthela, ukubunjwa koxinzelelo, ukubunjwa kwe-extrusion, kunye ne-thermoforming.Siza kugubungela zonke ezi ndlela kwesi sikhokelo ukukunceda ufumane eyona nkqubo ilungileyo yokwenza inxalenye yakho okanye imveliso.

Ukubunjwa okujikelezayo

I-Rotational Molding, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-rotomolding, yinkqubo yokuvelisa ukuvelisa iindawo ezinkulu ezingenanto kunye neemveliso ngokubeka umgubo okanye intlaka engamanzi kwi-mold yesinyithi kwaye uyijikelezise kwi-oven de i-resin igqume ngaphakathi kwi-mold.Ukujikeleza okuthe gqolo kokungunda kudala amandla e-centrifugal enze iimveliso ezinodonga olulinganayo.Xa ukungunda kupholile, iplastiki eqinile iyasuswa kwi-mold.

Izinto ezincinci kakhulu zichithwa ngexesha lenkqubo, kwaye izinto ezingaphezulu zihlala ziphinda zisetyenziswe, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe noqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo lokuBumba okujikelezayo

Ukubumba okujikelezayo ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziselwa ukwenza iimveliso zeplastiki ezinkulu ezingenanto ezifana neenqwelo zokusebenza, iitanki zokugcina, iindawo zemoto, ii-buoys zaselwandle, izindlu zasekhaya, imigqomo yokurisayikilisha, iicones zendlela, i-kayak hulls, kunye nezilayidi zendawo yokudlala.

IiMold ezijikelezayo ziSetyenzwa kakhulu kwaye zinexabiso elisebenzayo

Umngundo ngokwawo unokuba nzima kakhulu ukwenza lula ukubumba uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso.Umngundo unokubandakanya izinto ezifakelweyo, iigophe, kunye neecontours kunye neelogo kunye neendawo zokubeka zeplastiki okanye zentsimbi ezifakwe emva kokuba imveliso ibunjiwe.

Iindleko zezixhobo ziphantsi kunye nokungunda okujikelezayo kunenaliti okanye ukubunjwa kokuvuthela.Iziphumo ziphantsi kweendleko zokuqalisa kunye nemveliso yexabiso elisebenzayo naxa uvelisa izinto ezimbalwa njenge-25 ngexesha.

Isitofu sokubumba

Isitofu sokubumba yinkqubo yokwenza iinxalenye zeplastiki zesiko ngokutofa imathiriyeli yeplastiki etyhidiweyo kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kwingundo yentsimbi.Kanye njengezinye iindlela zokubumba iplastiki, emva kokuba iplastiki etyhidiweyo igalelwe kumngundo, ukungunda kuyapholiswa kuze kuvulwe ukuze kuvele indawo eqinileyo yeplastiki.

Inkqubo ifana ne-Jello mold ezaliswe kwaye ipholile ukudala imveliso yokugqibela.

Usetyenziso oluQhelekileyo lokuBunjwa kwesitofu

Isitofu sokubumba siqhele ukusetyenziswa ukwenza iinxalenye zeplastiki zesiko eziphezulu kakhulu.Oomatshini abakhulu bokubumba iinaliti banokubumba iindawo zemoto.Oomatshini abancinci banokuvelisa iindawo zeplastiki ezichanekileyo zokwenziwa utyando.Ukongeza, zininzi iindidi zeentlaka zeplastiki kunye nezongezo ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokubumba inaliti, inyusa ukuguquguquka kwayo kubayili kunye neenjineli.

Izitofu zokubumba, eziqhelekileyo zenziwe ngentsimbi okanye i-aluminium, zithwala iindleko ezinkulu.Nangona kunjalo, iindleko ngenxalenye nganye zonga kakhulu ukuba ufuna iinxalenye ezingamawaka amaninzi ngonyaka.

Ngokubumba inaliti, izixhobo zihlala zithatha iiveki ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-16 ukuya kuthi ga kwiiveki ezine ngaphezulu kwimveliso.

Vuthela Ukubumba

Ukubumba ukuvuthela yindlela yokwenza umngxuma, udonga olucekethekileyo, iinxalenye zeplastiki zesiko.Ngokuyinhloko isetyenziselwa ukwenza iimveliso ezinobunzima obufanayo bodonga kwaye apho imilo ibalulekile.Inkqubo isekelwe kumgaqo ofanayo wokuvuthela kweglasi.

Oomatshini bokubumba bavuthele bafudumeze iplastiki kwaye bafake umoya ovuthela iplastiki eshushu njengebhaluni.Iplastiki ivuthelwa ibe ngumbumba kwaye njengoko isanda, icinezela kwiindonga zokubumba ithatha ukumila kwayo.Emva kokuba "ibhaluni" yeplastiki igcwalise isikhunta, ipholile kwaye iqiniswe, kwaye inxalenye iyakhutshwa.Yonke le nkqubo ithatha ngaphantsi kwemizuzu emibini ngoko umndilili weyure ezili-12 ngosuku unokuvelisa malunga namaqhekeza angama-1440.

Usetyenziso oluQhelekileyo lokuBumba iBlow

Iinkqubo zokubumba ezivuthelayo zivelisa, kwiimeko ezininzi, iibhotile, amagubu eplastiki, kunye neetanki zamafutha.Ukuba ufuna iibhotile zeplastiki ezilikhulu lamawaka, le yinkqubo yakho.Ukubumba ukuvuthela kuyakhawuleza kwaye kunoqoqosho kwaye umngundo wona ngokwawo ubiza ngaphantsi kwesitofu sokubumba, kodwa ngaphezu kokubumba okujikelezayo ... ngamanye amaxesha ukuphakama kangange-6 ukuya ku-7 ngokuphindwe kabini njengesixhobo sokubumba i-roto.

Ukubunjwa koxinzelelo

Ukubumba ucinezelo kwenziwa kanye njengoko igama libonisa.Impahla yeplastiki evuthayo ifakwe kwi-mold evuthayo kwaye icinezelwe kwimo ethile.Ngokuqhelekileyo, iplastiki ifika ngamashiti, kodwa inokuba yinto eninzi.Emva kokuba iplastiki ixinzelelwe kwisimo esifanelekileyo, inkqubo yokufudumala iqinisekisa ukuba iplastiki igcina amandla aphezulu.Amanyathelo okugqibela kule nkqubo abandakanya ukupholisa, ukunqumla, kunye nokususa inxalenye yeplastiki kwi-mold.

Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kokuBumba koxinzelelo

Ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kokubumba ukunyanzeliswa kukutshintshwa kweengxenye zetsimbi kunye neeplastiki.Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezincinci kunye neemveliso ezinomthamo ophezulu kakhulu.Ishishini leemoto lisebenzisa ukubunjwa koxinzelelo kakhulu kuba iimveliso zokugqibela zomelele kwaye zomelele.

Ixabiso lokuqala lokungunda koxinzelelo likhulu, kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi ezibandakanya inani lemingxuma, ubungakanani bamalungu, ukuntsonkotha kwamaqhekeza, kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu phakathi kwezinye izinto.Kodwa iindleko zenxalenye nganye nganye ziphantsi kumlinganiselo ophezulu, ngoko ke ubuninzi beenxalenye zilungele le ndlela yokubumba.

Extrusion Molding

Ukubumba i-Extrusion kufana nokubumba inaliti ngaphandle kokuba imilo emide eqhubekayo iveliswa.Omnye umahluko ekubumbeni i-extrusion kukuba inkqubo isebenzisa "ukufa" hayi "ukubumba."

Iindawo ezongeziweyo zenziwa ngokucudisa izinto ezishushu ezikrwada ngokufa ngokwesiko.Umbono olula ungafana nokucudisa i-Play Doh ngomngxuma omile.

Ngelixa ezinye iindlela zokubumba zisebenzisa i-extrusion ukufumana iintlaka zeplastiki zibe ngumbumba, le nkqubo ikhupha iplastiki enyibilikisiweyo ngokuthe ngqo kwi-die.Ukumila kwedayiti, hayi ukungunda, kumisela ubume bemveliso yokugqibela.

Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwe-Extrusion Molding

Amacandelo enziwe kwi-extrusion aneprofayili esisigxina ye-cross-sectional profile.Imizekelo yeemveliso ezikhutshiweyo ziquka imibhobho yePVC, imiququ, kunye nemibhobho.Amalungu akufuneki ukuba abengqukuva kodwa kufuneka abe nemilo efanayo kubude bendawo.

Iindleko zokubumba i-extrusion ziphantsi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkqubo zokubumba ngenxa yokulula kokufa kunye noomatshini ngokwabo.

Nangona kunjalo, ubume benkqubo yokubumba i-extrusion kunciphisa iintlobo zeemveliso ezinokuveliswa ngolu buchule.

Thermoforming

I-Thermoforming yinkqubo yokuvelisa apho iphepha leplastiki elibizwa ngokuba yi-thermoplastic lifudunyezwa kwiqondo lobushushu elithambileyo, lenziwe kwimilo ethile ekubumbeni, kwaye lilungiswe ukwenza imveliso esebenzisekayo.I-Thermoplastic iza kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zemathiriyeli, imibala, ukugqiba, kunye nobukhulu.

I-Thermoforming isebenzisa iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokubumba kunye neenkqubo ukuze kuphunyezwe imveliso yokugqibela.Ukwenza iimveliso ze-3D, ukungunda ngokuqhelekileyo kuyifomu enye ye-3D eyenziwe nge-aluminiyam.Ngenxa yokuba i-thermoforming isebenzisa uxinzelelo oluphantsi, ukubumba kunokuveliswa ngexabiso eliphantsi usebenzisa izinto ezingabizi.

Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kweThermoforming

I-Thin-gauge thermoforming idla ngokusetyenziswa ukwenza iikomityi ezilahlwayo, izikhongozeli, izivalo, iitreyi, amadyungudyungu, amaqokobhe, kunye nezinye iimveliso zokutya kunye nemizi-mveliso yokuthengisa ngokubanzi.I-Thick-gauge thermoforming ibandakanya iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo njengocango lwesithuthi kunye neepaneli zedash, iilitha zesikhenkcisi, kunye neebhedi zezithuthi ezisetyenziswayo.

Ngokomyinge, kuthatha malunga neeveki ezisi-8 ukufumana ukungunda kwe-thermoform ukulungele ukuveliswa.Iindleko ze-thermoform mold zisekelwe kubukhulu benxalenye ekufuneka iveliswe.Umngundo wenxalenye encinci unokubiza kancinci nje nge-20,000 yeedola ngelixa ixabiso lokungunda okukhulu linokuba ngaphezulu kwe-50,000 yeedola.